Interferon
Brand names Betaferon, Immukin, Intron-A, Roferon-A, Viraferon, Wellferon
Used in the following combined preparations None
GENERAL INFORMATION
Interferons are a group of substances produced in human and animal cells that have been infected with viruses or stimulated by other substances. They are thought to promote resistance to other types of viral infection. Three main types of interferon (alpha, beta, and gamma) are used to treat a range of diseases. Interferon alpha is used for leukaemias, other cancers, and chronic active hepatitis B. Interferon beta reduces the frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis. Interferon gamma is prescribed in conjunction with antibiotics for patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease.
Interferons can cause severe adverse effects (see below).
Information for Users
This drug is given only under medical supervision and is not for self-administration.
How taken
Injection.
Frequency and timing of doses
Once daily or on alternate days.
Adult dosage range
The dosage is calculated taking account of the body surface area of the patient and the condition being treated.
Onset of effect
Active inside the body within 1 hour, but effects may not be noted for 1-2 months.
Duration of action
Effects last for about 12 hours.
Diet advice
None.
Storage
Not applicable. This drug is not kept in the home.
Missed dose
Not applicable. This drug is usually given only in hospital under close medical supervision.
Stopping the drug
Discuss with your doctor.
Exceeding the dose
Overdosage is unlikely since treatment is carefully monitored.
Possible Adverse Effects
The symptoms listed below are the most common problems. All unusual symptoms should be brought to your doctor’s attention without delay. Some of these symptoms are dose-related, and a reduction in dosage may be necessary to eliminate them.
Interactions
General note
A number of drugs increase the risk of adverse effects on the blood, heart, or nervous system. This is taken into account when prescribing an interferon with other drugs.
Thsophylline/aminophylline
The effects of this drug may be enhanced by interferon.
Sedatives
All drugs that have a sedative effect on the nervous system are likely to increase the sedative properties of interferons. Such drugs include opioid analgesics, anti-anxiety and sleeping drugs, antihistamines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics.
Quick Reference
Drug group Antiviral drug and anticancer drug.
Overdose danger rating Medium
Dependence rating Low
Prescription needed Yes
Available as generic No
Special Precautions
Be sure to tell your doctor if:
You have long-term liver or kidney problems.
You have heart disease. You have had epileptic fits. You have previously suffered allergic
reactions to any drugs. You have had asthma or eczema.
You suffer from depression.
You are taking other medications.
Pregnancy
Not usually prescribed. Safety in pregnancy not established. Discuss with your doctor.
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether the drug passes into the breast milk. Discuss with your doctor.
Infants and children
Not usually used.
Over 60
Increased likelihood of adverse effects. Reduced dose may be necessary.
Driving and hazardous work
Not applicable.
Alcohol
Avoid. Alcohol may increase the sedative effects of this drug.
Prolonged Use
There may be an increased risk of liver damage. Blood cell production in the bone marrow may be reduced. Repeated large doses are associated with lethargy, fatigue, collapse, and coma.
Monitoring
Frequent blood tests are required to monitor blood composition and liver function.
