Generic Name :Cytoxan,Cyclophosphamide 50mg
Brand name Endoxana
Used in the following combined preparations None
GENERAL INFORMATION
Cyclophosphamide belongs to a group of anticancer drugs known as alkylating agents. It is used for a wide range of cancers, including lymphomas (lymph gland cancers), leukaemias, and solid tumours, particularly of the breast and lung. It is commonly given together with radiotherapy or other drugs in the treatment of cancer, and is also used in certain malignant conditions in children.
Cyclophosphamide causes nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, and can affect the heart, lungs, and liver. It can also cause bladder damage in susceptible people because it produces a toxic substance called areolin. To reduce toxicity, people considered to be at risk may be given a drug called mesna before and after each dose of cyclophosphamide. Also, because the drug often reduces production of blood cells, it may lead to abnormal bleeding, increased risk of infection, and reduced fertility in men.
INFORMATION FOR USERS
Your drug prescription is tailored for you. Do not alter dosage without checking with your doctor.
How taken
Tablets, injection.
Frequency and timing of doses
Varies from once daily to every 20 days, depending on the condition being treated.
Dosage range
Dosage is determined individually according to the nature of the condition, body weight, and response.
Onset of effect
Some effects may appear within hours of starting treatment. Full beneficial effects may not be felt for up to 6 weeks.
Duration of action
Several weeks.
Diet advice
High fluid intake with frequent bladder emptying is recommended. This will usually prevent the drug causing bladder irritation.
Storage
Keep in a closed container in a cool, dry place out of the reach of children.
Protect from light.
Missed dose
Injections are given only in hospital. If you are taking tablets, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If your next dose is due within 6 hours, take a single dose now and skip the next. Tell your doctor that you missed a dose.
Stopping the drug
The drug will be stopped under medical supervision (injection). Do not stop taking the drug without consulting your doctor (tablets); stopping the drug may lead to worsening of the underlying condition.
Exceeding the dose
An occasional unintentional extra dose is unlikely to cause problems. Large overdoses may cause nausea, vomiting, and bladder damage. Notify your doctor.
QUICK REFERENCE
Drug group Anticancer drug
Overdose danger rating Medium
Dependence rating Low
Prescription needed Yes
Available as generic Yes
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Cyclophosphamide is prescribed only under close medical supervision, taking account of your present condition and medical history.
Pregnancy
Not usually prescribed. May cause birth defects. Discuss with your doctor.
Breast-feeding
Not advised. The drug passes into the breast milk and may affect the baby adversely. Discuss with your doctor.
Infants and children
Reduced dose necessary.
Over 60
No special problems.
Driving and hazardous work
No known problems.
POSSIBLE ADVERSE EFFECTS
Cyclophosphamide often causes nausea and vomiting, which usually diminish as your body adjusts. Also, women often experience irregular periods. Blood in the urine may be a sign of bladder damage and requires prompt medical attention.
Those thought to be at risk of bladder damage may be given mesna before and after doses of cyclophosphamide.
INTERACTIONS
Allopurinol may increase the risk of toxic effects caused by cyclophosphamide.
Alcohol
No problems expected, but avoid excessive amounts.
PROLONGED USE
Prolonged use of this drug may reduce the production of blood cells.
Monitoring Periodic checks on blood composition and on all effects of the drug are usually required.
