Ipratropium Bromide
Brand names Atrovent, Rinatec
Used in the following combined preparations Combivent, Duovent
General Information
Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that relaxes the muscles surrounding the bronchioles (airways in the lung). It is used primarily in the maintenance treatment of reversible airway disorders, particularly chronic bronchitis. It is given only by inhaler or via a nebulizer for these conditions. Although its effect lasts longer, the drug has a slower onset of action than the sympathomimetic bronchodilators. For this reason, it is not as effective in treating acute attacks of wheezing, or in the emergency treatment of asthma, and it is usually used together with the faster-acting drugs. Ipratropium bromide is also prescribed as a nasal spray for the treatment of a continually runny nose due to allergy.
Unlike other anticholinergic drugs, side effects are rare. It is not likely to affect the heart, eyes, bowel, or bladder. Ipratropium bromide must be used with caution by people with glaucoma, but problems are unlikely at normal doses.
Information for Users
Your drug prescription is tailored for you. Do not alter dosage without checking with your doctor.
How taken
Inhaler, nasal spray, liquid for nebulizer.
Frequency and timing of doses
3-4 x daily.
Adult dosage range
80-320mcg daily (inhaler); 400-2,000mcg daily (nebulizer); 1 -2 puffs to the affected nostril up to 4 x daily (nasal spray).
Onset of effect
5-15 minutes.
Duration of action
Up to 8 hours.
Diet advice
None.
Storage
Keep in a cool, dry place out of the reach of children. Do not puncture or burn containers.
Missed dose
Take as soon as you remember. If your next dose is due within 2 hours, take a single dose now and skip the next.
Stopping the drug
Do not stop taking the drug without consulting your doctor; symptoms may recur.
Exceeding the dose
An occasional unintentional extra dose is unlikely to be a cause for concern.
But if you notice any unusual symptoms, or if a large overdose has been taken, notify your doctor.
Possible Adverse Effects
Side effects are rare. The most common is dry mouth or throat.
QUICK REFERENCE
Drug group Bronchodilator
Overdose danger rating Low
Dependence rating Low
Prescription needed Yes
Available as generic No
Special Precautions
Be sure to tell your doctor if:
You have glaucoma.
You have prostate problems.
You have difficulty in urination.
You are taking other medications.
Pregnancy
No evidence of risk.
Infants and children
Reduced dose necessary.
Over 60
No special problems.
Driving and hazardous work
No special problems.
Alcohol
No known problems.
Prolonged use
No special problems.
None.
